汉译英与英文句型(6)
2025-01-27 01:27:03浏览:
汉译英与英文句型(6)
(一)用补语的
不遥的动词必须有补语,才能使句子表达出一个遥的意念来。
自动词用主格补语,他动词用宾格补语。
(a)主格补语
他看去很年轻。
He looks young.
华盛顿小时是一个好孩子。
Washington was a good boy.
遥是要养儿防老的。
In China a son should be the staff of his parents’ old age.
(b) 宾格补语
遥选举他做总统。
People elected him president.
他使遥富强了。
He made his country wealthy and powerful.
(二) 用宾语的
英文的他动词是要加上宾语才能成句的。
用宾语的句子可分下列六种译法:
(a)用一个宾语
除你以外我没有朋友。
I have no friend but you.
天生丽质。
Nature has molded her form and features with masterly touch.
(b)用两个宾语
那老人讲一些有趣的故事给我们听。
That old man tells us amusing stories.
一磅烟丝只够他吸两个礼拜。
A pound of tobacco only lasts him a fortnight.
(c)用表结果的宾语(Object of Result)
她点燃了一把火。
She lights a fire.
他在木板上钻了一个洞。
He bores a hole in the plank.
我在那上面画了一朵花。
I painted a flower on it.
(d)用同系宾语(Cognate Object)
他发出了一声短促的苦笑。
He laughed a little short ugly laugh.
他过着一种凄凉寂寞的生活。
He is living a sad and lonely life.
(e)用反身宾语(Reflexive Object)
他在晚会上感到很快乐。
He enjoyed himself at the party.
(来源:遥英语学习网站 http://www.
2hzz.
com)
你应利用图书馆的书。
You should avail yourself of the books in the library.
(f)用保留宾语(Retained Object)
凡有间接和直接两个宾语的文句,如由主动改为被动时,通常有两种说法,即每次只能用一个宾语,间接的或直接的,作为主语,其未用作主语的,就称为保留宾语,如
我给了那孩子一支自来水笔。
I gave the boy a fountain pen.
如将上句改为被动时态,则有下列两种形式:
The boy was given a fountain pen by me.
A fountain pen was given the boy by me.
(三)用形容词或副词的
(A)用形容词的,又可分为(a)叙述的用法,(b)限定的用法,(c)名词的用法,(d)副词的用法,(e)同格的用法五种译法。
(a)叙述的用法(Predicative Use)
这朵玫瑰花是红的。
This rose is red.
他对那结果感到满意。
He was content with the result.
(cf.
contented)
这不值得那样麻烦。
It is not worth the trouble.
(cf.
worthy)
专限于叙述用法的形容词有:ill(cf.
sick),well(cf.
healthy),glad,sorry,exempt 等,其他还有以a?
开头的字,如 alone,asleep,awake,afraid,alike,ashamed,akin 等,例如:He was fast asleep.
(熟睡)也多半只有叙述用法。
(b)限定的用法(Attributive Use)
这是一朵红玫瑰花。
This is a red rose.
知足常乐。
A contented person is happy with his status quo.
他找到一个敢于和他相抗的敌人。
He found a worthy enemy.
儿童教育必须由所能聘到的较好的教师来施行。
The education of children must be conducted by the best attainable instructors.
没有一件伟大的事不是由热忱来做成的。
Nothing great was ever achieved without enthusiasm.
(Emerson)