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汉译英与英文句型(6)

2025-01-27 01:27:03浏览:
汉译英与英文句型(6)

  (一)用补语的

  不遥的动词必须有补语,才能使句子表达出一个遥的意念来。
自动词用主格补语,他动词用宾格补语。


  (a)主格补语

  他看去很年轻。


  He looks young.


  华盛顿小时是一个好孩子。


  Washington was a good boy.


  遥是要养儿防老的。


  In China a son should be the staff of his parents’ old age.


  (b) 宾格补语

  遥选举他做总统。


  People elected him president.


  他使遥富强了。


  He made his country wealthy and powerful.


  (二) 用宾语的

  英文的他动词是要加上宾语才能成句的。
用宾语的句子可分下列六种译法:

  (a)用一个宾语

  除你以外我没有朋友。


  I have no friend but you.


  天生丽质。


  Nature has molded her form and features with masterly touch.


  (b)用两个宾语

  那老人讲一些有趣的故事给我们听。


  That old man tells us amusing stories.


  一磅烟丝只够他吸两个礼拜。


  A pound of tobacco only lasts him a fortnight.


  (c)用表结果的宾语(Object of Result)

  她点燃了一把火。


  She lights a fire.


  他在木板上钻了一个洞。


  He bores a hole in the plank.


  我在那上面画了一朵花。


  I painted a flower on it.


  (d)用同系宾语(Cognate Object)

  他发出了一声短促的苦笑。


  He laughed a little short ugly laugh.


  他过着一种凄凉寂寞的生活。


  He is living a sad and lonely life.


  (e)用反身宾语(Reflexive Object)

  他在晚会上感到很快乐。


  He enjoyed himself at the party.
(来源:遥英语学习网站 http://www.
2hzz.
com)


  你应利用图书馆的书。


  You should avail yourself of the books in the library.


  (f)用保留宾语(Retained Object)

  凡有间接和直接两个宾语的文句,如由主动改为被动时,通常有两种说法,即每次只能用一个宾语,间接的或直接的,作为主语,其未用作主语的,就称为保留宾语,如

  我给了那孩子一支自来水笔。


  I gave the boy a fountain pen.


  如将上句改为被动时态,则有下列两种形式:

  The boy was given a fountain pen by me.


  A fountain pen was given the boy by me.


  (三)用形容词或副词的

  (A)用形容词的,又可分为(a)叙述的用法,(b)限定的用法,(c)名词的用法,(d)副词的用法,(e)同格的用法五种译法。


  (a)叙述的用法(Predicative Use)

  这朵玫瑰花是红的。


  This rose is red.


  他对那结果感到满意。


  He was content with the result.
(cf.
contented)

  这不值得那样麻烦。


  It is not worth the trouble.
(cf.
worthy)

  专限于叙述用法的形容词有:ill(cf.
sick),well(cf.
healthy),glad,sorry,exempt 等,其他还有以a?
开头的字,如 alone,asleep,awake,afraid,alike,ashamed,akin 等,例如:He was fast asleep.
(熟睡)也多半只有叙述用法。


  (b)限定的用法(Attributive Use)

  这是一朵红玫瑰花。


  This is a red rose.


  知足常乐。


  A contented person is happy with his status quo.


  他找到一个敢于和他相抗的敌人。


  He found a worthy enemy.


  儿童教育必须由所能聘到的较好的教师来施行。


  The education of children must be conducted by the best attainable instructors.


  没有一件伟大的事不是由热忱来做成的。


  Nothing great was ever achieved without enthusiasm.
(Emerson)