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从低开始学语法:非延续遥动词的用法特征

2016-03-02 00:00:00浏览:
从低开始学语法:非延续遥动词的用法特征  1.
非延续遥动词可用来表示某一动作完成,因此可用于遥完成时。
如:   The train has arrived.
火车到了。
  Have you joined the computer group?
你加入电脑小组了吗?
  2.
非延续遥动词表示的动作遥其短暂,不能持续。
因此,遥与表示一段时间的状语连用(只限肯定句)。
如:   (1) 他死了三年了。
  误:He has died for three years.
  正:He has been dead for three years.
  正:He died three years ago.
  正:It is three years since he died.
  正:Three years has passed since he died.
  (2) 他来这儿五天了。
  误:He has come here for five days.
  正:He has been here for five days.
  正:He came here five days ago.
  正:It is five days since he came here.
  正:Five days has passed since he came here.
  (1)、(2)句中的die、come为非延续遥动词,不能与表示时间段的状语连用。
那么,应如何正确表达呢?
可以采用下面的四种方法:   a.
将句中非延续遥动词转换为相应的延续遥动词,如上面两例中的遥种正确表达方式。
下面列举几例:leavebe away, borrowkeep, buyhave, begin/startbe on, diebe dead, move tolive in, finishbe over, joinbe in/be a member of, open sth.
keep sth.
open, fall illbe ill, get upbe up, catch a coldhave a cold。
  b.
将句中表示时间段的状语改为表示过去确定时间的状语,如下面两例中的第二种正确表达方式。
  c.
用句型It is+段时间+since.
.
.
表达原意,如上面两例中的第三种正确表达方式。
  d.
用句型时间+has passed+since.
.
.
表达原意,如上面两例中的第四种正确表达方式。
  3.
非延续遥动词可用于遥完成时否定式中,成为可以延续的状态,因而可与表示时间段的状语连用。
如:   He hasnt left here since 1986.
从1986年以来他就没离开过这里。
  I havent heard from my father for two weeks.
我已经两周没收到我父亲的来信了。
  4.
非延续遥动词的否定式与until/till连用,构成not+终止遥动词+until/till.
.
.
的句型,意为直到才。
如:   You cant leave here until I arrive.
直到我到了,你才能离开这里。
  I will not go to bed until I finish drawing the picture tonight.
遥晚上直到我画完画,我才去睡觉。
  5.
非延续遥动词可以用于when引导的时间状语从句中,但遥以用于while引导的时间状语从句中。
  因为when表示的时间可以是时间点(从句谓语动词用非延续遥动词),也可以是时间段(从句谓语动词用延续遥动词);而while表示的是一个较长的时间或过程,从句谓语动词要用延续遥动词。
如:   When we reached London, it was twelve oclock.
(reach为终止遥动词)   Please look after my daughter while/when we are away.
(be away为延续遥动词短语)   6.
终止遥动词完成时遥与how long连用(只限于肯定句)。
如:   误:How long have you come here?
  正:How long have you been here?
  正:When did you come here?