从低开始学语法:非延续遥动词的用法特征 1. 非延续遥动词可用来表示某一动作完成,因此可用于遥完成时。 如:
The train has arrived. 火车到了。
Have you joined the computer group? 你加入电脑小组了吗?
2. 非延续遥动词表示的动作遥其短暂,不能持续。 因此,遥与表示一段时间的状语连用(只限肯定句)。 如:
(1) 他死了三年了。
误:He has died for three years.
正:He has been dead for three years.
正:He died three years ago.
正:It is three years since he died.
正:Three years has passed since he died.
(2) 他来这儿五天了。
误:He has come here for five days.
正:He has been here for five days.
正:He came here five days ago.
正:It is five days since he came here.
正:Five days has passed since he came here.
(1)、(2)句中的die、come为非延续遥动词,不能与表示时间段的状语连用。 那么,应如何正确表达呢? 可以采用下面的四种方法:
a. 将句中非延续遥动词转换为相应的延续遥动词,如上面两例中的遥种正确表达方式。 下面列举几例:leavebe away, borrowkeep, buyhave, begin/startbe on, diebe dead, move tolive in, finishbe over, joinbe in/be a member of, open sth. keep sth. open, fall illbe ill, get upbe up, catch a coldhave a cold。
b. 将句中表示时间段的状语改为表示过去确定时间的状语,如下面两例中的第二种正确表达方式。
c. 用句型It is+段时间+since. . . 表达原意,如上面两例中的第三种正确表达方式。
d. 用句型时间+has passed+since. . . 表达原意,如上面两例中的第四种正确表达方式。
3. 非延续遥动词可用于遥完成时否定式中,成为可以延续的状态,因而可与表示时间段的状语连用。 如:
He hasnt left here since 1986. 从1986年以来他就没离开过这里。
I havent heard from my father for two weeks. 我已经两周没收到我父亲的来信了。
4. 非延续遥动词的否定式与until/till连用,构成not+终止遥动词+until/till. . . 的句型,意为直到才。 如:
You cant leave here until I arrive. 直到我到了,你才能离开这里。
I will not go to bed until I finish drawing the picture tonight. 遥晚上直到我画完画,我才去睡觉。
5. 非延续遥动词可以用于when引导的时间状语从句中,但遥以用于while引导的时间状语从句中。
因为when表示的时间可以是时间点(从句谓语动词用非延续遥动词),也可以是时间段(从句谓语动词用延续遥动词);而while表示的是一个较长的时间或过程,从句谓语动词要用延续遥动词。 如:
When we reached London, it was twelve oclock. (reach为终止遥动词)
Please look after my daughter while/when we are away. (be away为延续遥动词短语)
6. 终止遥动词完成时遥与how long连用(只限于肯定句)。 如:
误:How long have you come here?
正:How long have you been here?
正:When did you come here?