初中英语常见错误之A系列　　A 　　a 　　[误] I think it is an useful English dictionary.
　　[正] I think it is a useful English dictionary.
　　[析] 在不定冠词a与an的用法中要注意的一点是:an用在以元音开头的词之前;而a则用在以辅音开头的词之前。
要特别注意的是以u字母打头的单词,如useful,university等,其遥个音标是[j],所以要特别予以注意。
　　[误] I need a hour to finish this letter.
　　[正] I need an hour to finish this letter.
　　[析] 要注意hour和honest的遥个字母不发音。
　　[误] My teacher is a unknown man, but he is a very good man.
　　[正] My teacher is an unknown man, but he is a very good man.
　　[析] 要注意以u打头的单词,它的发音为[?
]时,单数名词前要用an,如uncle等。
　　[误] There is a f in the word football.
　　[正] There is an f in the word football.
　　[析] 英文字母单遥遥时,如其遥个发音是元音时,其前面的不定冠词应该用an而不是a.
　　[误] I have a little brother.
He is a 8?
year?
old boy.
　　[正] I have a little brother.
He is an 8?
year?
old boy.
　　[析] 要注意这些字母的遥个发音为元音,如eight, eleven等。
　　 　　able 　　[误] This bike is able to be repaired.
　　[正] This bike can be repaired.
　　[析] be able to 主要表达某事或某人具有某种能力去作某事,应译为有本遥、有能力、可以作某事,如:Im able to swim across this river.
而can可以用来表示具有接受能力或吸收能力。
如:This radio can be repaired here.
　　about 　　[误] This class is about to begin just now.
　　[正] This class is about to begin.
　　[析] 要注意be about to 是将要的意思,含有将来时之意,不要与表示过去时的时间状语连用。
另外,be about to 一般用作书面语,对应的口语是be going to.
　　 　　about on 　　about与on都可以作关于讲,但却有所不同,例如:This book is about physics.
应译为这是一本关于物理学的科普读物。
而:This book is on physics.
则应译为这是一本物理学方面的专着。
　　above 　　[误] The temperature is five degrees over zero.
　　[正] The temperature is five degrees above zero.
　　[析] 表达在上方时,above与over是可以互换的,如:The sky is above(or over)our heads.
但是要表达在垂直方向上的上方时则应用above遥用over,如:The sun has risen above the horizon.
　　[误] There is often thick cloud above the South of China in summer.
　　[正] There is often thick cloud over the South of China in summer.
　　[析] 当表达覆盖之意时,只可用over而不能用above.
　　[误] There is a bridge above the river.
　　[正] There is a bridge over the river.
　　[析] 用来表达从上方越过时不能用above只能用over,如:The plane flew over the city.
但要注意There is waterfall above the bridge.
则应译为在桥的上游有一个瀑布。
　　across 　　[误] He ran across the wood.
　　[正] He ran through the wood.
　　[析] across是指某一动作在一平面内进行,而through则是指该动作在一三维立体空间的运动过程。
如:The man came in through the window.
He walked across the square.
　　across 　　across的主要用法有两个。
其一,意为对面,如:There is a school just across the street.
其二,意为横过,如:He walked across the street.
　　afraid 　　[误] I dontt afraid of him.
　　[正] I am not afraid of him.
　　[析] 要注意害怕afraid一词在英语中不是动词,而是形容词,要与be动词连用。
　　after 　　[误] Two weeks after he left.
　　[正] Two weeks later he left.
　　[正] He left after two weeks.
　　[析] 要表达在多少时间之后,英语中有两种表达法,即:用later时,要时间在前,如three hours later; 而用after时要时间在后,如after three hours.
　　[误] My father will be back after a few hours.
　　[正] My father will be back in a few hours.
　　[析] 受中文的影响,这个介词常常被误用。
当你要表达在一段时间内某个动作可以完成时,一定要用in,而不能用after,因为after是指在某一时间之后。
例如:This work will be done in two days.
即表明在两天内这一工作一定会做完。
而如用了after,即表示在两天之后,完成的时间是不确定的。
　　after behind 　　after多用于表示顺序的前后,如:She walked in the line after Tom.
或用来表示追赶,表示一种动态,如:He ran after Mary.
而behind多用于强调遥与落后,如:She is much behind the other girls in sewing.
或者用于表达迟于,如:The train was ten minutes behind the time table.
或者与表示静态的动词连用,如:She hid herself behind the flowers.
　　afternoon 　　[误] He worked very hard in a hot afternoon.
　　[正] He worked very hard on a hot afternoon.
　　[析] 习惯用的词组in the afternoon, 如果加入任何修饰词后其前面的介词in都要改为on,不论其修饰词在前还是在后,如:He swam in this river on the afternoon of June lst.
又如:Are you free on Sunday afternoon?
　　against 　　[误] He against me.
　　[正] He is against me.
　　[析] 要注意against意为反对,但它在英文中却不是动词,而是介词,如要讲反对某事或某人时则要加动词be, 如:He is against somebody/something.
　　against for 　　against意为反对、不赞成而for则意为同意,为其反意词。
如:Are you for or against the plan?
　　age 　　[误] He is twenty years old of age.
　　[正] He is twenty.
　　[正] He is twenty years old.
　　[正] He is at the age of twenty.
　　ago 　　[误] Toms father has been dead five years ago.
　　[正] Toms father died five years ago.
　　[析] ago意为由说话时算起,若干时间以前。
它只能和一般动词过去时连用,而不要与完成时连用。
　　[误] Yesterday I met a friend.
We didnt see each other for a long time since we left the college twenty years ago.
　　[正] Yesterday I met a friend.
We hadnt seen each other for a long time since we left the college twenty years ago.
　　[析] 要注意的是在本句是ago是用在由since引起的从句之中,只是从句应用过去时,但不影响主句的时态。
　　agree 　　[误] Does the teacher agree to us?
　　[正] Does the teacher agree with us?
　　[误] Does he agree with our plan?
　　[正] Does he agree with us?
　　[析] agree with 指同意某人的提议、建议、计划等。
如果要讲同意某项计划则要用agree to, 如:Do you agree to the plan?
　　all 　　[误] The old man has two sons.
All of them are workers.
　　[正] The old man has two sons.
Both of them are workers.
　　[析] all是指三者或以上的全部,而both则是指两者都。
　　[误] The all children are playing football now.
　　[正] All the children are playing football now.
　　[析] all作修饰词时其位置要在所有的修饰词之前,不论这些修饰词是定冠词、指示代词、形容词或名词,或代词的所有格。
　　[误] You all are right.
　　[正] You are all right.
　　[析] all作同位语时其位置要置于be动词之后,实意动词之前,如:The teachers all work hard.
或用于遥助动词之后,如:The boys have all been waiting for their mothers.
　　almost 　　[误] Nearly nobody thinks he is right.
　　[正] Almost nobody thinks he is right.
　　[析] nearly与almost是近意词,其含意差别不大,但是与否定词连用时要用almost, 例如:She brought almost no money with her.
此句中的almost不能用nearly替换。
　　alone 　　[误] The old man lived lone but he didnt feel lonely.
　　[正] The old man lived alone, but he didnt feel lonely.
　　[析] alone, lone, lonely 三个词全具有孤单、孤遥之意。
但其用法不同:lone可以作定语,而alone则只能作表语,lonely则多指感情上与感觉上的孤遥。
　　already 　　[误] We are already for the work.
　　[正] We are all ready for the work.
　　[析] already 是副词,其意为已经,如:He already knew about it.
而all ready为形容词意为准备好。
　　already yet 　　already多用于肯定句中,例如:The students have already finished the work.
而yet则多用于疑问句与否定句中,如:Have you finished it yet?
I havent finished it yet.
　　also 　　[误] I didnt find the dictionary also.
　　[正] I didnt find the dictionary either.
　　[析] 作为也讲,在否定句中要用either而不能用also.
　　also too 　　also与too都可用在肯定句中表示也,但also通常用于be动词或情态动词之后,如:I can also do it myself.
而too一般放于句尾。
Ill attend his class, too.
　　always 　　[误] Always he asked himself why he had come here.
　　[正] He always asked himself why he had come here.
　　[析] always一般不能用于句首,它在一般句中的位置是于动词之前遥助动词之后,如:Ive always thought he is honest.
又如:He is always late.
　　among 　　[误] If the three apples are divided among the two boys how much will each receive?
　　[正] If the three apples are divided among the three boys how much will each receive?
　　[析] among常用于三个事物或遥之间,而between则多用于两者之间。
　　an 　　[误] This is an useful dictionary.
　　[正] This is a useful dictionary.
　　[析] 详见a条。
　　and 　　[误] He did not speak loudly and clearly.
　　[正] He did not speak loudly nor clearly.
　　[误] Our school is not in New York and Chicago, but in Boston.
　　[正] Our school is not in New York or Chicago, but in Boston.
　　[析] 和这一概念在肯定句中应用and,但在否定句中则要用or 　　angry 　　[误] My mother was angry to me.
　　[正] My mother was angry with me.
　　[误] He was angry with what I said.
　　[正] He was angry at what I said.
　　[析] 要注意be angry后面如果接人,表示对某人生气不满时应用be angry with somebody.
但要接事物时要用be angry at something.
　　another 　　[误] I have two sisters, one in America and another in English.
　　[正] I have two sisters, one in America and the other in English.
　　[析] 要注意英语中another, other, the other, the others, others的不同用法,现分别说明如下:another作形容词其意为:泛指的另一个或再一个,别的,类似的。
一般在句中作定语,如: This is not good enough, please show me another one.
another还可以作为代词用,如:One student said:I want to play baskball.
another said:I want to play football.
?
other作形容词其意为泛指其余的,别的。
如:I have other books besides these.
又如:Ask some other people please.
the other则为特指,作形容词时其后面可接单数或复数名词,如:She has two flowers.
One is white, the other one is yellow.
(特指,单数)又如:There are fifty students in our class, twenty five are boys, the other students are girls.
(特指,复数)但当the other作为代词时,它代表的可以是单数,也可以是复数,如:He has a book in one hand, and a pen in the other.
(单数)又如:There are some people in the room.
Four are girls, the other(复数)are boys.
要注意的是当the other作主语时,其后面的谓语动词要视具体情况而定,它可能是单数,也可能是复数。
others则只能作代词,其意为other ones即为:泛指某些,某一部分人或物,如:Each of us must think of others.
而the others只能作为代词,它是特指某一些人或物,如:I know only one or two of the students; the others are unknown to me.
　　 　　answer 　　[误] Someone is knocking at the door.
Please reply the door bell.
　　[正] Someone is knocking at the door, Please answer the door bell.
　　[析] answer与reply是近意词,作为及物动词用时有时二者是可以互换的,如:The student answered/replied that he wanted to watch TV.
但在某些特定场合则不易互换。
作为应答之意时则多用answer,如:You should answer to your name.
Please answer my letter as soon as possible.
Answer my question in English.
　　any 　　[误] Do you have some questions?
　　[正] Do you have any questions?
　　[析] some一般要用于肯定句,而any则用于否定句或疑问句。
　　[误] China is larger than any other countries in Asia.
　　[正] China is larger than any other country in Asia.
　　[析] 要注意any other 其后要跟单数名词,但any of the other 其后要接复数名词。
?
China?
is larger than any of the other countries in Asia.
　　[误] Here are some books; you can choose anyone of these.
　　[正] Here are some books; you can choose any one of these.
　　[析] anyone只能指人,而any one即可指人 也可以指物。
　　around 　　[误] The nine planets go around of the sun.
　　[正] The nine planets go around the sun.
　　[析] around后面不要再加介词,如:The sun shines all around us.
　　around round 　　作介词用的around与round通常可以互换,只不过美语常用around,而英语常用round,例如:You can see the post office round/around that corner.
(绕过那个弯你就可以看到邮局。
但是一定要区别它们的不同之处:round可以用作形容词、副词、介词、动词、名词;而around只能用作副词或介词。
例如:The post office is just round (around) the house (用作介词).
He has round face (用作形容词).
The river rounded the stones.
(用作动词) 　　arrive 　　[误] I arrived Beijing the day before yesterday.
　　[正] I arrived in Beijing the day before yesterday.
　　[正] I reached Beijing the day before yesterday.
　　[误] He arrived in the school at 11∶00.
　　[正] He arrived at the school at 11∶00.
　　[析] arrive为不及物动词,当到达的是较大的地理区域时用介词in,而到达较小的地方时则用at, 如:arrive in New York, arrive at the village.
　　arrive reach get 　　arrive如上所述是不及物动词,而reach则是及物动词。
如:How did you reach the school this morning?
而get可用作不及物动词,作到达讲时其后面多与to连用。
如:When did you get to New York?
　　as 　　[误] This man works in the bank for a manager.
　　[正] This man works in the bank as a manager.
　　[析] as与for有时是可以通用的。
如:This room is used as (for) a classroom.
但是用来指官衔、职位时只能用as.
　　[误] My brother is so taller as Tom.
　　[正] My brother is as tall as Tom.
　　[析] as as之间只能用形容词与副词的原遥,而不能用比较遥。
在否定句中可以用soas,也可以用asas,但在肯定句中只能用asas,如:He is not so tall as Tom.
　　[误] Ill give him the note as soon as he will come.
　　[正] Ill give him the note as soon as he comes.
　　[析] as soon as所引导的状语从句中应遥一般时态表示将来。
　　ask 　　[误] The student asked a question to the teacher.
　　[正] The student asked the teacher a question.
　　[析] ask应接双宾语,即ask somebody something.
　　[误] They asked some books.
　　[正] They asked for some books.
　　[析] 向某人要求某物时应用ask somebody for something或ask for something from somebody, 如:He asked his mother for some money.
或He asked for some money from his mother.
　　asleep 　　[误] He is deeply asleep.
　　[正] He is fast asleep.
　　[析] 要讲熟睡,就要用fast来修饰asleep。
另外, 在英语中一般不讲somebody is sleeping而要用asleep。
关于睡觉这一词的惯用法还有:go to sleep(如:The old man usually goes to sleep at ten.
), fall asleep(如:I fell asleep at English class yes terday.
) 　　at 　　[误] It will really do you no harm quite.
　　[正] It will really do you no harm at all.
　　[析] at all和quite的汉语意思均为全然、确定的,但at all适用于否定句,例如:?
-Im sorry.
Im late.
　　-No trouble at all.
　　又如:I dont think it is right at all.
而quite则适用于肯定句,例如:He is quite a good teacher.
　　[误] The children play football for lunch.
　　[正] The children play football at lunch.
　　[析] 英语中的at lunch为在吃午饭时。
这种惯用法还有at work(在工作),at table(在吃饭),at desk(在学习)。
而for lunch则是为午饭而准备的食物,又如:We had some milk for breakfast.
　　[误] There is a post office in the corner of the street.
　　[正] There is a post office at the corner of the street.
　　[析] at the corner是指墙外面的角,而in the corner是指建筑物内部的角落。
例如:There is a computer in the corner of the room.
There is a street lamp at the corner of the street.
　　at in on 　　在表示时间时用来表示具体钟点用at,如:He will be back at six.
表示一天的上、 下午时要用in,如:I usually get up at six in the morning.
但要注意的是,in the morning和in the afternoon这两个词组中如果加入了任何修饰词,其介词要换为on, 如:on the cold morning, on the hot afternoon.
又如:See you on Monday morning.
如讲到具体的某一天,要用on, 如:on Sunday, 如:I usually want to visit my mother on Sundays.
在谈到周、月、季、年时要用in,如:All the children will be happy in Easter week.
He was born in July.
但要注意在泛指圣诞节、遥节、感恩节时都用at, 如:Where are you going at Easter.