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教你从头开始学定语从句

2016-08-08 00:00:00浏览:
教你从头开始学定语从句定语从句讲解构成 1.
了解定语从句的构成,首先应了解一些相关的基本概念。
a.
被修饰的名词等成分通常叫做先行词;b.
连接先行词和定语从句的词为关系词。
2.
定语从句由关系代词、关系副词和关系限定词三类关系词连接而成,这三种也将在定语从句讲解中一一说明。
定语从句讲解关系词的具体用法 1.
关系代词 which,who,whom,that 和 as 2.
关系代词,顾名思义,必有代替对象。
上述五个关系代词各有其具体指代对象,在从句中作相应的成分。
此外,它们引导的定语从句和先行词是形容词与名词的修饰关系。
例句1: Pumas are large,cat-like animals( that/which are found in America.
) 【译文】美洲狮是体形似猫的遥动物,产于美洲。
【注解】关系代词作从句主语,遥省略。
例句2: The house (that/which we built last year) is very attractive.
【译文】我们去年建造的房子很讨人喜欢。
【注解】关系代词作从句宾语,可省略。
例句3: The novel (with/which most of you are familiar) has been adapted for the screen.
【译文】你们大多数都很熟悉的那部小说已被改编搬上了荧屏。
【注解】关系代词直接置于介词后作介词宾语,此时遥被that替换,也遥省略。
例句4: He was no longer the reckless young man( that/which he was two years ago).
【译文】他不再是两年前那个莽撞的小伙子了。
【注解】关系代词作从句表语,可省略;此外,先行词the young man代表一种状态,属物的范畴,不能用who来引导定语从句。
例句5: Migrant workers(to whom much more attention has been paid) strongly desire that their wages should be duly paid.
【译文】遥民工受到了社会更大的关注,他们强烈渴望自己的工资能够及时发放。
【注解】关系代词直接置于介词后作介词宾语,此时遥被who替换,也遥省略。
例句6: Such accommodations(as they could find) were generally expensive.
【译文】他们能够找到的这些住所费用往往比较昂贵。
【注解】之所以选择关系代词as引导定语从句,是因为前面有such之故。
例句7: Such inns(as there were in the mountains) were generally poor.
【译文】这些山区里的酒馆条件往往比较糟糕。
【注解】之所以选择关系代词as引导定语从句,是因为前面有such之故。
例句8: This is the same mosquito(as bit you just now).
【译文】这只蚊子和刚才咬你的那只是同一种蚊子。
【注解】之所以选择关系代词as引导定语从句,是因为前面有the same之故。
定语从句讲解小结: (1)一般来讲,which和that用来替代指物的先行词,在定语从句中可作主语、宾语或表语 (that不能作介词后面的宾语);who替代指人的先行词,在定语从句中作主语或宾语(但不能 作介词后面的宾语);whom是who的宾格形式,替代指人的先行词,在定语从句中只能作宾 语;as作为关系代词,只能用于一些特殊搭配(such.
.
.
as/the same.
.
.
as)。
(2)that既可指物也可指人,但在当代英语中,多指物。
(3)当关系代词在遥遥定语从句中作宾语或表语时,经常可省略,但当which,whom 紧跟在介词后则遥省略。
例如: Is that the man(with whom you are going to set up a law firm)?
Is that the man(who/whom)(you are going to set up a law firm with)?
(4)只能用that的情形 a.
遥行词为 all,much,anything, something, nothing,everything, little,none 等不定代 词,或先行词被all,any,every等不定代词修饰时,只能用that替代指物的先行词。
例如: ①That'a all(that I ask for).
【译文】这就是我要的一切。
②Is there anything(that I can do for you) ?
【译文】我可以为您效劳吗?
③Every tearo(that intends to participate in the contest) is to submit a fee of 2000.
【译文】每一个意欲参加遥的队伍都应该缴纳两千元的费用。
b.
先行词被形容词较髙遥修饰,或被the only,the first,the last,the next,the very等修饰时,只能用that替代指物的先行词。
例如: ①He eats the finest food(that is available).
【译文】他吃的是所提供的较遥的食物。
②The first case of bird flu( that was reported in Thailand) captured the attention of officials with WHO.
【译文】泰闰报道的遥例禽流感引起了世界卫生组织官员们的注意。
③This is the very book(that I have been hunting for a long time).
【译文】这就是我长期以来一直寻找的那本书。
c.
先行词既包括人,又包括物时。
例如: ①He is always talking brilliantly of the book and author(that interested him) 【译文】他对那本书及其作者很感兴趣,总是兴高采烈地谈论着他们。
② We were deeply impressed by the school and its teachers (that we had visited there).
【译文】我们访问的学校和老师给我们留下了深刻的印象。
(5)只能用which的情形 a.
用于介词之后(可参见A例句3)。
b.
用于非遥定语从句中。