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语法与惯用法知识点:用于do sb + n.结构的常用表达

2016-03-02 00:00:00浏览:
语法与惯用法知识点:用于do sb + n.结构的常用表达  【导语】英语语法让很多学生都头疼,因为复杂难懂的句式和词组有时难以记忆。
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汉语的看书有两层含义:   一、do sb a favour   该结构表示帮助某人,也可说成do a favour for sb,注意其中有不定冠词。
如:   Would you do me a favour please?
请你帮我个忙,好吗?
  He is always ready to do a favour for his classmates.
他总是乐于帮助同学。
  以下各句均可表示劳驾请把窗户打开。
注意,当 favour 后有定语修饰时,其前习惯上要用定冠词:   Do me a favour and open the window.
  Do me a favour by opening the window.
  Do me a favouropen the window, please.
  Do me the favour to open the window.
  Do me the favour of opening the window.
  二、do sb good   该结构表示对某人有益或有好处,其中的 good 为遥数名词。
如:   Exercise will do you good.
运动对你会有好处。
  Eat more fruitit will do you good.
多吃水果,这对你有好处。
  A weeks vacation will do you a lot of good.
休一周的假对你有很多益处。
  Go on with the treatment.
It is doing you good.
你要继续进行这种疗法。
它对你是遥的。
  三、do sb harm   该结构表示对某人有害,其中的 harm 为遥数名词。
如:   Smoking does harm to your health.
吸烟对你的身体有害。
  A few late nights never did anyone any harm.
熬几个晚上的夜对人遥无害处。
  Whether it will do us harm remains to be seen.
是否对我们有害还要看一看。
  注:也可说成 do harm to sb。
如:   Such books do great harm to young people.
=Such books do young people great harm.
那样的书对年青人危害很大。
  四、do sb honour   该结构也可说成do honour to sb,它有以下两个方面的意思:   1.
对某人表示敬意或纪念。
如:   They did honour to the dead.
他们向死者致敬。
  2.
给某人带来荣誉或使某人受到尊敬。
如:   His contributions to science do honour to our country.
他在科学上的贡献为祖国增了光。
  We attended his birthday party to do him honour.
/We attended his birthday party to do honour to him.
我们参加了他的生日晚会以表示对他的敬意。
  注意:do sb the honour of doing [to do] sth 的意思是给某人面子做某事给某人做某事的荣幸。
如:   Would you do me the honour of dancing with me?
=Would you do me the honour to dance with me?
能请你跳曲舞吗?