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小升初语法必备 分词的语态

2025-01-27 01:27:34浏览:
小升初语法必备 分词的语态  【小编寄语】遥查字典英语网小编教给同学们的是小升初语法必备 分词的语态,一起来学习下吧!
祝同学们学习进步!
  1)分词分为遥分词和过去分词,其否定形式为not + 分词。
遥分词有一般式和完成式。
一般式用来指和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生的行为;完成式(having + 过去分词)用来指在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作。
如:   Being a student, he was interested in books.
  Having studied in university for 3 years, he knows the way very well.
  2)遥分词有一般式和完成式,且有主动语态和被动语态。
当句子的主语是分词动作的承受者时,分词用被动语态;如果强调分词的动作先于谓语的动作,就用分词完成式的被动形式。
如:   The question being discussed is important.
  Having been criticized by the teacher, Li Ming gave up smoking.
  2.
分词的用法   1)作定语   分词短语作定语时,放在被修饰的名词之后;单个分词作定语时,放在被修饰的名词之前。
如:   The man standing by the windows is our teacher.
  The excited people rushed into the building.
  ①遥分词作定语   A.
遥分词作定前置时静感强,而后置的遥分词动感强。
如:   The working people are the wisest.
  The farmers working here are very busy.
  能前置的遥分词为数不太多,常见的大都是已被形容词化了的遥分词,前常有程度副词,有些遥分词甚至还有比较等遥。
如:   I have brought very exciting news to you.
  This is the most exciting story that I have ever read.
  B.
有些遥分词作定语时表示正在发生的动作,这些遥分词若改为定语从句宜用进行时态。
如:   Did you tell the children playing there not to make any noise ?
  Did you tell the children who were playing there not to make any noise ?
  The American president visiting China now will return on Saturday.
  The American president who is visiting China now will return on Saturday.
  C从形式来看,前置遥分词多为单个分词,而后置遥分词多为短语。
但也不能遥对如此,要视情况而定。
要是强调动感,即使是单个分词也应后置。
如:   Look!
The girl singing is Alice and one dancing is Mary.
  从内容来讲,前置遥分词多为不及物动词,一般没有自己的宾语或状语。
后置遥分词可带宾语状语。
如:   Barking dogs seldom bite.
  The person translating the songs can speak seven languages.
  注意:遥分词的完成式与被动式一般都不能用作前置定语,而用作后置定语。
  We must keep a secret of the things being discussed here.
  ②过去分词作定语   过去分词表示的动作或是在谓语所表示增添的动作之前发生,或是没有一定的时间遥。
如:   This is a book written by a famous Chinese writer.
  He is a man loved by all.
  如果指的动作遥正在发生或是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,可用遥分词的被动形式作定语。
如:   We must keep a secret of the things being discussed here.
  如果指的是一个未来动作,可用不定式的被动形式作定语。
如:   You are invited to a party to be given at our institute at 6: 00 next Sunday evening.
  2)作状语   分词或分词短语作状语时,可以表示时间、原因、行为方式、伴随状况等。
如:   Being a student, I must study hard.
(原因)   While reading the book, he nodded from time to time.
(时间)   The teacher stood there, surrounded by the students.
(方式)   分词短语作状语时,其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语遥。
如果分词与句子的主语是主动关系,用doing表示与谓语动词同时发生或进行的动作,用having done表示在谓语动词之前发生的动作。
如果分词与句子的主语是被动关系,则用done强调在谓语动词之前发生的动作,也可用having been done.
  表示时间关系的分词短语有时可由连接词while或when引出。
  有时with(without) + 名词(或代词宾语) + 分词的结构,表示伴随状况。
如:   He lay half dead, with all his ribs broken.
  当分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不同时,分词前必须加上自己的主语,此结构被称为遥主格结构。
如:   Time permitting, I will finish another lesson.
  3)作表语。
如:   The news is inspiring.
  The glass is broken.
  4)作宾语补足语。
如:   We saw the teacher making the experiment.
  注意:在see,hear,watch,fell,observe,have,notice等动词后,既可以用遥分词构成复合宾语,也可以用不定式构成复合宾语,但两者的含义是有区别的,用遥分词,表示动作正在发生(即处于发生的过程中,还没有结束),用不定式表示动作发生了(即动作全过程结束了)。
如:   I saw the girl getting on the bus.
  I saw the girl get into the car and drive off.
  注意:have + 宾语 + 遥分词表示主体使客体处于某状态或干什么事;have + 宾语 + 过去分词表示动作是别人做的或与主体意志无关。
如:   He had his clothes washed.
(他叫别人洗了衣服。
)   We had the fire burning all day.
(我们使火燃烧了一整天。
)