简单句:陈述句 - 大学英语语法大全陈述句: 用来说明一个事实的句子叫陈述句。 它有肯定式和否定式两种形式。 ▲陈述句的肯定式: He is a midd陈述句:
用来说明一个事实的句子叫陈述句。 它有肯定式和否定式两种形式。
▲陈述句的肯定式:He is a middle school student. (他是个中学生)/ I have a hammer in my hand. (我手上有把锤子)/ She teaches us geography. (她教我们地理)/ The new play was good enough and everybody enjoyed it. (新的话剧非常好大家都喜欢)
▲陈述句的否定式: 1)谓语动词如果是be、助动词、情态动词时,在它们的后面加not。 如:My brotheris nota teacher. (我的弟弟不是教师)/ Hedoes not havea cousin. (他没有堂兄弟)/ Iwill not gothere tomorrow. (明天我不去那儿)/ My motheris not cookinga meal in the kitchen. (我母亲遥不在厨房里做饭)/ Youmust not makesuch mistakes again. (你不该再犯类似错误了)/ Wehaven’t discussedthe question yet(我们还没有讨论那个问题呢).
2)谓语动词如果没有上述词语而是其他动词时,须在它的前面加do not(don’t). 如:Idon’t knowanything about it. (此事我一无所知)/ Li Mingdoes not feedpigs in the countryside. (李明不在农村养猪)/ Wedidn’t expectto meet her right here. (我们没指望着在这里见到她)/Wedidn’t havea meeting yesterday afternoon. (昨天下午我们没有开会) 3)如果have作有讲,也可以在它后面加not构成否定式,其形式与have got的否定式相同。 如:Ihaven’t (got)any brothers or sisters. (我没有兄弟姐妹)
have 的否定形式:当表示有的意思时,可以采用以下三种形式:have+not;do not+ have; have+ no+ n. 如:I have not enough food to eat. = I do not have enough food to eat. =I have no enough food to eat. 当have为助动词时,用have+ not结构。 如:I have not been toShanghai。 当have既不表示有,也不作助动词用时,用do not+ have结构。 I didn’t have breakfast this morning. 具体到反义疑问句中,则遵循以下原则:
a. 当have表示有含义时,反意疑部问部分可以用have形式,也可以用do形式。 例如:
He has a book in his hand, hasn't he?
He has a book in his hand, doesn't he?
b. 当陈述部分的动词是have有的否定形式时,反意疑问部分是用have形式还是用do形式,取决于陈述部分的动词形式。 例如:
You haven't a car, have you?
You don't have any money with you, do you?
c. 当have不表示有含义而表示其他含义时,反意疑问句则必须用do的形式。 例如:
We had a good time in the vacation, didn't we?
He has his breakfast at seven everyday, doesn't he?
You have to get up early tomorrow, don't you?
[注意] ①句子中如果有all、both、very much/well等词时,用not一般构成部分否定,如果要遥否定,则通常遥none、neither、not…at all等;Allof them went there. →Noneof them went there. (他们全都去了那里→他们全都没去那里)
②句子中含有little、few、too(太)、hardly、never、neither、nor、seldom等词时, 则视为否定句。 如:Fewpeople live there because life there is very hard. (几乎没有人生活在那里因为那里的生活太艰难了)
③陈述句(主语+谓语+其他)在口语中可以直接表示疑问,表示惊讶或明知故问。 如:That’s your boss? (那就是你的老板? ! )
④陈述句一般情况下应遥正常的语序, 即:主语+谓语+其他。 但是有时会倒装,详见倒装句。
⑤所有的从句一律遥陈述句语序,即在连接词后采用主语+谓语+其他的顺序。 如:The old man told methathewould live herefor ten more yearsbefore he returns home. (老人告诉我说他还要在这儿住几年然后回家)/ Could you tell mewhoyousawat the partylast night? (能告诉我在聚会上你都看见了谁吗? )