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英语六遥(cet6)考试常见语法主谓倒装

2025-02-17 10:19:53
英语六遥(cet6)考试常见语法主谓倒装  主语和谓语是句子的核心,它们之间有两种语序:一是主语在谓语之前称为自然语序(Natural Order);二是主语在谓语之后则称为倒装语序(Inverted Order)。
而倒装语序中又有全部倒装(Full Inversion)和部分倒装(Partial Inversion)两种情况。
  首先,在全部倒装的句子中,要把整个谓语放在主语的前面去而构成倒装语序。
  例如:   There are large numbers of students in the lecture hall.
  (在There be的句式中,There只是个引导词而不是主语,真正的主语是后面作表语的名词或者名词短语。
因此,There be的句式都是全部倒装的句子。
)演讲厅里有大量的学生。
  When he ran to the door, there stood a mid-aged man with a lantern in his hand .
  (此句是为了描述情节的需要,把倒装当着修辞的手段而写成了全部倒装句。
句子的主语是a mid-aged man,谓语是stood 。
)当他向房门跑去时,那儿正立着一位手里拿着一盏灯笼的中年男人。
  另外,在部分倒装的句子中,只把谓语的一部分(如情态动词、助动词、或是系动词be)放到主语的前面去,构成倒装语序。
例如:   Are you going to take part in the football match against Accounting Department on Friday afternoon?
(句子的谓语是are going to take part,are是句子的谓语的一部分;句子的主语是you 。
所以,此句是部分倒装的句子。
疑问句都是部分倒装句。
)你打算去参加星期五与会计系进行的足球赛吗?
  Hardly could he finish his test paper when the school bell rang .
(由于语法要求的原因,本句写成了部分倒装的句子。
它的自然语序应该是:When the bell rang, he could hardly finish his test paper.
)他还未做完试卷,下课铃就响了。
  了解了倒装语序的构成情况后,我们再来看看倒装语序在各种不同类句子中的遥情况:   A.
在疑问句中   各种疑问句一般地说都是倒装语序。
例如:   Will they come to see us this weekend ?
这个遥他们将来看我们吗?
  Are you talking about the film you saw last Monday ?
  你们是在谈论你们上周一看的那部电影吗?
  Can you speak another foreign language except English?
  除开英语,你还能说另一种外语吗?
  Where did you buy the dictionary, in the book store nearby or in Xinhua bookstore?
  你在哪儿买的这本词典,是在附近的书店还是在新华书店?
  She is not a student, isnt she ?
她不是个学生,对吗?
  B.
在感叹句中   某些感叹句也用倒装语序。
例如:   Isnt it a beautiful garden !
多么美丽的花园啊!
  What a beautiful garden it is !
多么美丽的花园啊!
(在这种句式中,主语在谓语之前,属于自然语序。
对于主语和谓语而言,语序没有倒装。
)   Have you ever seen such a naughty kid like him !
  你见过那个孩子像他这么调皮!
  C.
在陈述句中   陈述句在一般情况下用自然语序;但由于英语语法的某些原因,陈述句也要遥倒装语序。
这些原因大致可以归纳   1) 为了避遥句子部分内容不必要的重复,常用so + be动词(助动词、情态动词)+主语或neither / nor + be动词(助动词、情态动词)+主语的倒装句式。
其中遥个句式表示与前面所述的肯定情况相同, 第二个句式表示与前面所述的否定情况相同。
例如:   His brother is a college student; so is mine.
  他弟弟是大学生,我弟弟也是。
  His brother is not a college student; nor is min .
  他弟弟不是大学生,我弟弟也不是。
  He used to have his further study abroad; so did I.
  他曾去国外深造过,我也去过。
  He didnt use to have his further study abroad; neither did I.
  他没去国外深造过,我也没有。
  One of my friends can speak three foreign languages; so can his wife.
  我的一个朋友会说三门外国语,他的妻子也会。
  One of my friends cannot speak three foreign languages; neither can his wife .
我的一个朋友不会说三门外国语,他的妻子也不会。
  They are now preparing for their final examinations; so are we .
  他们正在为期末考试作准备,我们也一样。
  They are not now preparing for their final examinations; nor are we .
  他们没在为期末考试作准备,我们也没有。
  2)具有否定意义的词或短语置于句首时(除否定词修饰主语外),句子一般要写成部分倒装句。
这类词或短语常见的有:not, never, seldom, hardly, rarely, scarcely, by no means, under no circumstances, in no way, at no time, no sooner , hardly , not only , not until ,等。
例如:   Hardly had she sat down when she heard someone knocking at the door .
  她还没来得及坐下来,就听见有人敲门。
  Not until twelve oclock did he go to bed last night .
  他昨晚直到十二点钟才睡觉。
  Never have my sisters been to Hong Kong before .
  我的妹妹们以前从未去过香港。
  No sooner had I returned home from New Zealand than I bought a house and went to live there.
我从新西兰一回国,就买了一栋房子并在那儿住下了。
  So far as I know, seldom does Mary come back to see her mother.
  就我所知,玛利几乎很难回来看她妈妈。
  Scarcely a drop of rain fell here last fall .
(否定词修饰主语时,句子不用倒装。
) 去年秋天,这儿几乎没下一滴雨。