英语中名词遥从句引导词辨析一、that,what和which
1.
that引导名词遥从句时只起连接从句的作用,本身没有任何意义,因此在从句中不充当任何句子成分,它的遥须注意以下几点:
A.
引导宾语从句时,that常可省略,但如果主句后跟有并列宾语从句时,只能省略遥个that;若宾语从句前插有别的从句时,that也不能省略。
例如:
He told me (that) he was all right and that he would come to see me when he was free.
他告诉我说他很好,并说在他有空时来看我。
B.
that引导主语从句位于句首时遥省略.
如果it作形式主语,而that从句置于句末, 这时that可以省略。
例如:
That he has lost his work is not true.
他丢了工作不是真的。

=It is not true (that) he has lost his work.
C.
当主语为the reason时,注意应用that 引导其表语从句,不能受汉语影响而误用because。
例如:
The reason why he was late was that he missed the early bus.
他迟到的原因是他没赶上早班车.
(此句中的that遥用because代替)D.
引导同位语从句时,切遥错用which。
例如:
Word has come that some American guests will come to visit our school next week.
有消息说下周将有一些美国客人来我校参观。
2.
what与which引导名词遥从句时都在从句中充当句子的某一成份,如主语、表语、宾语或定语,其区别是:what表示泛指的事物,常译为什么或所……的事物, whatever是它的强 语势无论什么;which表示特定事物中的哪一个(些),一般情况下在从句中充当定语,后接名词,在一定的语境中,它所修饰的名词可以省略,whichever是它的强语势无论哪一个(些)。
例如:I believe what (whatever) he says.
我相信他说的(不管他说什么我都相信)。

I will give her which (whichever) book she likes on the shelf.
这个书架上的(任何一本)书,只要她喜欢,我都会给她。
二、who,whoever,whom和whomever
在引导名词遥从句时,在句中作主语时用who,意思是谁,含有疑问意味,whoever是它的强语势无论谁,不含有疑问意味。
作宾语时用whom, 其相应强语势为whomever。
判别时要根据句意以及在句中的语遥能来决定该用哪个引导词。
例如:Who has taken away my bag is unknown.
谁拿走了我的包还不知道。
(若用Whoever显然句意不通)
Whoever wants to see this film can go with us tonight.
无论谁想看这部电影今晚可以和我们一起去.
(Whoever wants 相当于Anybody who wants,意为凡是想……的人。
这里遥换为Who。
)
Have you decided whom you are to nominate as your candidate?
你们是否已经决定提名谁作侯选人了?

You can give the ticket to whomever you like.
你可以把票给任何你想给的人。