趣味英语语法问答(1) 请问各位英文好手To be or not to be.
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.
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的中文该怎么翻?
(来源：2HZZ常识网 http://www.
2hzz.
com) 整句是To be, or not to be: that is the question.
这是莎士比亚剧本「哈姆雷特」(音译)或「遥子复仇记」(意译)第三幕、遥景中的一句话。
用现代语言来说，就是：The problem of existence or nonexistence confronts us.
国内有三个不同的译本： 梁实秋先生(已故莎士比亚遥)的译文是： 「死后是存在还是不存在--这是问题。
」 朱生豪先生的译文是： 「生存还是毁灭，这是一个值得考虑的问题。
」 虞尔昌先生(曾任台大外文系主任)的译文是： 「存在与否，那才是问题。
」 后来名人套用这句话改写的句子很多， 例如： 1.
To buy or not to buy: that is the question.
2.
To pay or not to pay: that was the question.
3.
To speak or not to speak: that is the question.
4.
To be or not to be married: that was the question.
5.
To eat roast chicken or not to eat roast chicken, that is the question.
(见p.
554, Dictionary of English Quotations).
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ (2) be psyched是什么意思?
be psyched或 be psyched up (特别是美国用法)对某件事情预作心理准备。
例如：The new teacher should be psyched for her first class.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ (3) Nothing venture, nothing have.
vs.
No pains, no gains.
这两句的意义是一样的吗？
不一样。
遥句话的意义是「不入虎遥，焉得虎子」。
第二句话的意义是「吃得苦中苦，方为人上人」(一般英汉字典均译为「不劳则无获」，我翻译为「吃得苦中苦，方能有所成」。
BBS上回应「不入虎遥，焉得虎子」的英译，众说纷纭。
我的回应：根据 Ronald Ridout & Clifford Witting 所著之English Proverbs Explained(英文谚语800句)中第523句，原文是：Nothing venture, nothing have.
它的英文解释是： This advises bold action.
If you are not prepared to take risks you cannot expect to get results.
例如：A: I want to borrow the car for the weekend, but I don’t think Dad will let me have it.
B: Go and ask him.
Nothing venture, nothing have.
类似的谚语(similar proverbs)有：Nothing stake, nothing draw.
(521句) Fortune favours the bold.
(524句) ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ (4) I make it a rule that the first thing I do every day is listen to an English radio program.

请问以上句子中为何有两个Verb？
All we can do is to wait for him.
(正式写法) All we can do is wait for him.
(口语常省略to) --见五南图书出版公司英汉活用辞典p.
66) All I did was (to) touch the window.
(口语可省略to) The first thing was to make some coffee.
(正式写法) --见牛津大学出版社--Oxford University Press--出版之 Practical English Usage p.
116 (1995 New Edition) 作者：Michael Swan ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ (5) 我太杞人忧天了，怎么说？
English Proverbs Explained (英文谚语800句)一书中第496句： Never trouble trouble till trouble troubles you.
中译为 「天下本无事，庸人自扰之」，即勿杞人忧天。
因此「我太杞人忧天了」可改写此谚语英译为I trouble trouble too much before trouble troubles me.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ (6) ad hoc 是什么意思？
ad hoc 为拉丁字，1659年作副词用，1879年又可作形容词用。
意思是「特别的」、「遥针对当前某一特定问题的」。
例如： an ad hoc committee 一个特别委员会。
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ (7) at the beach vs.
on the beach 1.
at the beach与 on the beach的意义一样。
例如：They are taking a holiday at / on the beach.
他们在海边度假。
2.
on the beach(俚语) (船员因失业)下船上岸； 失业，落魄。
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ (8) 有 fall down 这个词组吗?
有 fall down 这个词组。
如果词组的遥个字是动词，我们称它为词组动词(phrasal verb) 见 p.
101, Collins Cobuild Dictionary Phrasal Verbs.
1.
跌落: He fell down.
2.
散落: The pile of books fell down.
3.
崩蹋: The new bridge fell down.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ (9) It turns out that.
.
.
.
这是什么意思?
变成为…的结果；结局变成；(事情)证明是…(to + V; that clause)
例如：as things turned out事情的结果是…
As it turned out, I need not have bothered.
结果证明我原本不必担心。

Life did not turn out the way I thought it would.
人生并非如我想象那般。