定语从句用法详解
2022-09-01 00:00:00浏览:
定语从句用法详解在复合句中,修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句,被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,引导定语从句的有关系代词who,whom,whose,which,that等和关系副词where,when,why等,关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担任句子成份。
1.由who引导的定语从句中,who用作主语,如:Thisistheboywhooftenhelpsme.
2.由whom引导的定语从句中,whom用作宾语,如:Themanwhomyouarewaitingforhasgonehome.
3.由whose引导的定语从句中,whose用作定语,如:Doyouknowthegirlwhoseskirtiswhite?
4.由which引导的定语从句中,which用作主语或谓语动词的宾语或介词的宾语,如:
Theroominwhichthereisamachineisaworkshop.
Theriverwhichisinfrontofmyhouseisveryclean.
Thisisthepenwhichyouwant.
注意:
(1)whom,which用作介词宾语时,介词可放在whom、which之前,也可放在从句原来的位置上;但在含有介词的动词固定词组中,介词只能放在原来的位置上。
如:Heistheverypersonwhomwemusttakegoodcareof.
(2)引导非遥遥定语从句时,必须用关系代词which,不用that,如:Ihavelost
mybag,whichIlikeverymuch.
(3)关系代词在句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须和先行词保持遥。
5.由that引导的定语从句中,that可以指人或物,在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语,但不能放在介词后面作介词宾语,如:
ThebookthatIboughtyesterdaywaswrittenbyLuXun.
注意在下面几种情况下必须用that引导定语从句。
(1)先行词是不定代词all,few,little,much,something,nothing,anything等,如:
AllthatwehavetodoistopractiseEnglish.
(2)先行词被序数词或形容词较高遥所修饰,如
ThefirstletterthatIgotfromhimwillbekept.
(3)先行词被all,any,every,each,few,little,no,some等修饰,如
I'veeatenupallthefoodthatyougaveme.
(4)先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修饰时如
HeistheonlypersonthatIwanttotalkwith.
(5)先行词既有人又有物时,如:
Theytalkedaboutpersonsandthingsthattheymet.
(6)当句中已有who时,为避遥重复,如:Whoisthemanthatisgivingusthe
class?
6.由when,where,why引导的定语从句,如:
Idon'tknowthereasonwhyhewaslate.
Thisistheplacewherewehavelivedfor5years.
I'llneverforgetthedaywhenImetMrLiforthefirsttime.
注意:先行词是表示地点时,如果从句的谓语动词是及物的,就用that(which),如果从句的谓语动词是不及物的,就用where引导。
ThisisthehouseWhich/thathehaslivedinfor15years.(Wherehehaslivedfor15year.)
7.遥遥定语从句和非遥遥定语从句
(1)遥遥定语从句是句中遥缺少的组成部分,主句和从句之间不用逗号分开。
引导非遥遥定语从句的关系代词有who,whom,whose,which,ofwhich等,这些关系代词都不能省略。
(2)非遥遥定语从句是对主句先行词的补充说明,没有这种从句,不影响主句意思的完整,一般用逗号把主句和从句分开,关系代词用which,不用that;指人时可用who,如:Ihavetwobrothers,whoarebothstudents.
8.如何简化定语从句
(1).定语从句简化为形容词或形容词短语作后置定语。
如:
Mygrandfatherlivesinavillagethatisfarawayfromhere.
→Mygrandfatherlivesinavillagefarawayfromhere.我祖父住在离这儿很远的一个村子。
Thisisabookthatisworthreading.
→Thisisabookworthreading.这是一本值得看的书。
(2)定语从句简化为遥分词或遥分词短语作前置或后置定语。
ThemanwhoisstandingunderthetreeisourEnglishteacher.
→ThemanstandingunderthetreeisourEnglishteacher.
站在树下面的那个人是我们的英语老师。
Isawthehousethatwasburningatthattime.→Isawtheburninghouseatthattime.
当时我看到那房子在燃烧。
(3)定语从句简化为过去分词短语作后置定语。
IliketoseethefilmswhicharedirectedbyZhangYimou.→IliketoseethefilmsdirectedbyZhangYimou.我喜欢看张艺谋导演的电影。
Sheisthegirlwhowaspraisedattheschoolmeeting.→Sheisthegirlpraisedattheschoolmeeting.她就是在校会上受表彰的那个女孩。
(4)定语从句简化为不定式作后置定语。
Heisalwaysthefirstpersonthatcomestoschool.→Heisalwaysthefirstpersontocometoschool.他总是遥个到校。
Thereportwhichwillbegiventomorrowisimportanttous.→Thereporttobegiventomorrowisimportanttous.明天要作的报告对我们很重要。
(5)定语从句简化为what从句。
Icouldn'trememberthewordsthathesaid.→Icouldn'trememberwhathesaid.
我记不得他说的话。
【典型例题解析】
例1Thesecondbook______IwanttoreadisBusiness@theSpeedofThought.
A.whichB.whatC.thatD.as
解析先行词book被序数词修饰时要用that引导定语从句,故选C。
例2I'llneverforgetthedays_____Istayedwithyou.
A.whenB.inwhichC.thatD.forwhich
解析本题指时间,故选A。
例3Thebook______issoldoutatthemoment.
A.youneedB.whatyouneed
C.whichyouneeditD.thatyouneedit
解析B、C、D中的what和it与先行Thebook相抵触,故选A。
例4Isthistheplace______Lincolnoncelived.
A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when
解析本题指地点,故选C。
例5I'moneoftheboys_________neverlateforschool.
A.thatisB.whoareC.whoamD.whois
解析本题中who用作主语,谓语动词与先行词theboys保持遥,故选B。
【选讲例题】
例6Hersister,______youmetatmyhome,wasateacherofEnglish.
A.whomB.thatC.whichD.whois
解析非遥遥定语从句中,关系代词用which,不用that,但指人时用who或whom.故选A。
例7Thesebookareforstudents_____motherlanguageisnotEnglish.
A.ofwhomB.thatC.whichD.whose
解析whose引导的定语从句中,whose用作定语,故选D。