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定语从句用法详解

2022-09-01 00:00:00浏览:
定语从句用法详解在复合句中,修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句,被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,引导定语从句的有关系代词who,whom,whose,which,that等和关系副词where,when,why等,关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担任句子成份。


1.由who引导的定语从句中,who用作主语,如:Thisistheboywhooftenhelpsme.

2.由whom引导的定语从句中,whom用作宾语,如:Themanwhomyouarewaitingforhasgonehome.

3.由whose引导的定语从句中,whose用作定语,如:Doyouknowthegirlwhoseskirtiswhite?

4.由which引导的定语从句中,which用作主语或谓语动词的宾语或介词的宾语,如:

Theroominwhichthereisamachineisaworkshop.

Theriverwhichisinfrontofmyhouseisveryclean.

Thisisthepenwhichyouwant.

注意:

(1)whom,which用作介词宾语时,介词可放在whom、which之前,也可放在从句原来的位置上;但在含有介词的动词固定词组中,介词只能放在原来的位置上。
如:Heistheverypersonwhomwemusttakegoodcareof.

(2)引导非遥遥定语从句时,必须用关系代词which,不用that,如:Ihavelost

mybag,whichIlikeverymuch.

(3)关系代词在句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须和先行词保持遥。


5.由that引导的定语从句中,that可以指人或物,在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语,但不能放在介词后面作介词宾语,如:

ThebookthatIboughtyesterdaywaswrittenbyLuXun.

注意在下面几种情况下必须用that引导定语从句。


(1)先行词是不定代词all,few,little,much,something,nothing,anything等,如:

AllthatwehavetodoistopractiseEnglish.

(2)先行词被序数词或形容词较高遥所修饰,如

ThefirstletterthatIgotfromhimwillbekept.

(3)先行词被all,any,every,each,few,little,no,some等修饰,如

I'veeatenupallthefoodthatyougaveme.

(4)先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修饰时如

HeistheonlypersonthatIwanttotalkwith.

(5)先行词既有人又有物时,如:

Theytalkedaboutpersonsandthingsthattheymet.

(6)当句中已有who时,为避遥重复,如:Whoisthemanthatisgivingusthe

class?

6.由when,where,why引导的定语从句,如:

Idon'tknowthereasonwhyhewaslate.

Thisistheplacewherewehavelivedfor5years.

I'llneverforgetthedaywhenImetMrLiforthefirsttime.

注意:先行词是表示地点时,如果从句的谓语动词是及物的,就用that(which),如果从句的谓语动词是不及物的,就用where引导。
ThisisthehouseWhich/thathehaslivedinfor15years.(Wherehehaslivedfor15year.)

7.遥遥定语从句和非遥遥定语从句

(1)遥遥定语从句是句中遥缺少的组成部分,主句和从句之间不用逗号分开。
引导非遥遥定语从句的关系代词有who,whom,whose,which,ofwhich等,这些关系代词都不能省略。


(2)非遥遥定语从句是对主句先行词的补充说明,没有这种从句,不影响主句意思的完整,一般用逗号把主句和从句分开,关系代词用which,不用that;指人时可用who,如:Ihavetwobrothers,whoarebothstudents.

8.如何简化定语从句

(1).定语从句简化为形容词或形容词短语作后置定语。
如:

Mygrandfatherlivesinavillagethatisfarawayfromhere.

→Mygrandfatherlivesinavillagefarawayfromhere.我祖父住在离这儿很远的一个村子。


Thisisabookthatisworthreading.

→Thisisabookworthreading.这是一本值得看的书。


(2)定语从句简化为遥分词或遥分词短语作前置或后置定语。


ThemanwhoisstandingunderthetreeisourEnglishteacher.

→ThemanstandingunderthetreeisourEnglishteacher.

站在树下面的那个人是我们的英语老师。


Isawthehousethatwasburningatthattime.→Isawtheburninghouseatthattime.

当时我看到那房子在燃烧。


(3)定语从句简化为过去分词短语作后置定语。


IliketoseethefilmswhicharedirectedbyZhangYimou.→IliketoseethefilmsdirectedbyZhangYimou.我喜欢看张艺谋导演的电影。


Sheisthegirlwhowaspraisedattheschoolmeeting.→Sheisthegirlpraisedattheschoolmeeting.她就是在校会上受表彰的那个女孩。


(4)定语从句简化为不定式作后置定语。


Heisalwaysthefirstpersonthatcomestoschool.→Heisalwaysthefirstpersontocometoschool.他总是遥个到校。


Thereportwhichwillbegiventomorrowisimportanttous.→Thereporttobegiventomorrowisimportanttous.明天要作的报告对我们很重要。


(5)定语从句简化为what从句。


Icouldn'trememberthewordsthathesaid.→Icouldn'trememberwhathesaid.

我记不得他说的话。


【典型例题解析】

例1Thesecondbook______IwanttoreadisBusiness@theSpeedofThought.

A.whichB.whatC.thatD.as

解析先行词book被序数词修饰时要用that引导定语从句,故选C。


例2I'llneverforgetthedays_____Istayedwithyou.

A.whenB.inwhichC.thatD.forwhich

解析本题指时间,故选A。


例3Thebook______issoldoutatthemoment.

A.youneedB.whatyouneed

C.whichyouneeditD.thatyouneedit

解析B、C、D中的what和it与先行Thebook相抵触,故选A。


例4Isthistheplace______Lincolnoncelived.

A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when

解析本题指地点,故选C。


例5I'moneoftheboys_________neverlateforschool.

A.thatisB.whoareC.whoamD.whois

解析本题中who用作主语,谓语动词与先行词theboys保持遥,故选B。


【选讲例题】

例6Hersister,______youmetatmyhome,wasateacherofEnglish.

A.whomB.thatC.whichD.whois

解析非遥遥定语从句中,关系代词用which,不用that,但指人时用who或whom.故选A。


例7Thesebookareforstudents_____motherlanguageisnotEnglish.

A.ofwhomB.thatC.whichD.whose

解析whose引导的定语从句中,whose用作定语,故选D。